Around one third of a buildingās total emissions are generated during the upfront construction phase, making the measurement and understanding of embodied carbon essential for responsible and sustainable construction practices.
Embodied carbon: measuring the emissions at the construction stage of MCR2
Why embodied carbon?
What is embodied carbon?
The whole life cycle emissions of a building consist of operational and embodied carbon emissions. Operational emissions are the emissions associated with the ongoing use of a building (e.g. energy use), whilst embodied carbon emissions are those associated with the construction, maintenance and demolition of buildings.
Embodied carbon may include emissions associated with:
- raw material extraction (e.g. mining, logging);
- manufacturing and processing of materials (e.g. steel production, cement mixing);
- transportation of materials to the construction site;
- on-site construction activities (e.g. use of machinery, energy consumption);
- end-of-life disposal or recycling of materials.
Why embodied carbon needs to be measured
- Immediate impact: embodied carbon emissions are released upfront, which can sometimes be long before a building becomes operational. Unlike operational emissions, which can be reduced over time, embodied carbon cannot be āundone.
- Futureproofing: with tightening carbon regulations and policies, understanding embodied carbon at the construction phase is gaining more importance.
- Sustainability goals: many organisations and governments aim to achieve net-zero carbon targets, and embodied carbon may be part of net zero commitments.
How embodied carbon is calculated
The calculation of embodied carbon for a construction project requires looking at the different stages of a materialās lifecycle.
Scope definition
The first step is defining the boundaries of the calculation. Embodied carbon is typically categorised into four lifecycle stages:
Most embodied carbon calculations focus on the A1āA5 stages of product and construction, as these contribute to upfront emissions. However, a full lifecycle assessment (LCA) would also include stages B and C (use and end-of-life) for a more comprehensive analysis.
Material selection
The materials used in the project form the basis of embodied carbon calculations, and every building material has an associated carbon cost. For instance, concrete and steel are highly carbon-intensive due to energy-heavy manufacturing processes. Wood, on the other hand (when sustainably sourced) often has a much lower carbon footprint and can even act as a carbon store.
Gathering data
Two key datasets are used to calculate emissions for each material:
- Emission factors: these are standardised values that indicate the greenhouse gas emissions for a specific material or activity. For example, the emissions per tonne of concrete produced.
- Quantities of materials: the exact volume, weight, or area of the materials used in the project.
This data can typically be sourced from Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), which are standardised documents provided by manufacturers.
Once the calculations for each material and stage are complete, the data is aggregated to provide a total embodied carbon figure for the entire project. This is often expressed in kilograms or tonnes of COā equivalent (tCOāe).
Datumās embodied carbon assessment for MCR2
Our assessment occurred at the concept design stage and covers the base build of the data centre and focused on the environmental impact of the construction phases and life cycle of MCR2. It was conducted in alignment with BS EN 15978:2011 standards.
Some key figures for MCR2
The embodied carbon study found that 42% of emissions are from the superstructure, 18% from building services, and 18% from internal finishes. The superstructure contributes the majority of emissions due to the structural steel frame.
Three main components – steel, concrete and services (including cooling equipment) – contribute just 23.7% of the total building mass, but make up 69.3% of total embodied carbon of the building.
The suspended ceiling had a very high carbon intensity. Aluminum was the most carbon intense material. Other materials and components that had a higher carbon impact were the windows and doors, insulation, paint, carpet and flooring.
The services associated with the project are also carbon intense, mainly due to the cooling equipment required for data centres.
Our carbon management strategy
We continue to embed sustainability into the core of our operations and, as part of our carbon management strategy, our team will explore whether the design of future buildouts can be further optimised to reduce the carbon impact of the construction phase.
We have 24/7 and 365 energy management systems in place to monitor and optimise our energy usage and PUE, and run a wide variety of initiatives to manage our ongoing carbon impact. Some examples include:
- integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate clean energy, and heat reuse capability for nearby housing into the design at our Manchester (MCR) site;
- reducing water usage by 70% by switching from water based cooling (adiabatic) to free cooling technology at our Farnborough (FRN) site.
Securing capacity in MCR2
MCR2 is set to open its doors in Q2 2025, offering a state-of-the-art solution for hosting IT infrastructure and workloads off premise. If you’re planning to migrate your systems, now is the perfect time to reserve your footprint. Get in touch to discuss your requirements.